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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects and classes rather than functions and logic alone. It is widely used in modern software development because it improves code reusability, scalability, maintainability, and organization. OOP is built on four major principles: encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction, and polymorphism. Encapsulation protects data by restricting direct access, inheritance allows one class to acquire properties of another, abstraction hides unnecessary implementation details, and polymorphism enables methods to behave differently based on context. Popular programming languages such as Java, Python, C++, and C# support OOP concepts. Through OOP, developers can model real-world entities efficiently, making applications easier to manage and extend over time. Understanding OOP is essential for building robust, modular, and efficient software systems in modern programming.
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